US Quick Review Sheets

If you can answer all of the questions on this sheet then you can do more than just pass the US history regents—you can get a great grade.
For the questions you do not know simply do a search in Google and then find out the answer. If you know the answer move on and skip that question.
You can Do IT!
Review One: The Constitution and the Early American Government

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Part 1: Background to the Constitution
1. Why did the American colonies declare independence?
2. How did the Declaration of Independence justify rebellion?
3. How was the US governed under the Articles of Confederation?
4. What were the weaknesses of the Government under the Articles?


"No taxation without Representation Natural Law Inalienable Rights
Articles of Confederation Shay's Rebellion



Part 2: Drafting the Constitution
1. Why was a Constitutional Convention called?
2. What are the major compromises embedded in the Constitution?


Great Compromise Virginia Plan New Jersey Plan
3/5ths Compromise Commerce Compromise Slave Trade Compromise
Compromise on Executive Elections



Part 3: Constitutional Principles:
1. How did the authors of the constitution hope to create a government powerful enough to govern, but not so powerful as to threaten individual liberties?
2. How does the Constitution distribute the basic powers of government?
3. How can the constitution be amended?



Federalism Separation of Powers Checks and Balances
Popular Sovereignty Amendment Limited Government
Delegated Powers Concurrent Powers Reserved Powers
Denied Powers Supremacy Clause Bill of Attainder
Ex Post Facto Writ of Habeus Corpus Census



Part 4: Branches of Government
1. What are the basic powers and function of each of the three branches of government?
2. How can each branch check or limit the power of the others?
3. How are the members of each branch selected?
4. How does a bill become a law?



Executive Branch Legislative Branch Judicial Branch
Electoral College Congress Supreme Court
Veto Override Judicial Review
Impeachment Elastic Clause Unconstitional
Senate House of Representatives Original Jurisdiction
Cabinet Committee Appellate Jurisdiction
Primary Marbury V. Madison Judiciary Act of 1789



Part 5: Ratification and the Bill of Rights
1. Why did some people oppose ratification of the Constitution?
2. What "addition" was made to the Constitution to ensure its ratification?
3. What is the purpose of the Bill of Rights?
4. What rights are protected by each of the amendments in the Bill of Rights?



Federalists Antifederalists Federalist Papers
Bill of Rights Establishment Clause Free Exercise Clause
Double Jeopardy Eminent Domain Due Process of Law



Part 6: The Early Government
1. How was the US placed on a firm finacial footing?
2. What are the major elements of the "Unwritten Constitution?"
3. Why did the first political parties develop?
4. How did the Marshall Court affect the power of the government?
5. What early precedents were set in US foreign policy?



George Washington Alexander Hamilton Thomas Jefferson
John Adams John Marshall Hamilton's Financial Plan
Excise Tax Protective Tariff Whiskey Rebellion
Strict Constructionists Loose Constructionists Federalist Party
Political Party Cabinet Democratic Republican Party
Marbury V. Madison McCullogh V. Maryland Judicial Review
Washington's Farewell Address Alien and Sedition Acts Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions
Neutrality Isolationism Monroe Doctrine
Louisiana Purchase


Review Two: Manifest Destiny, Sectionalism, Secession, Civil War, and Reconstruction

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Part 1: Manifest Destiny

1. How did the US expand to the Pacific?
2. What problems did expansion create for the US?
3. What was US policy toward Native Americans? How did it affect their lives?


Manifest Destiny Louisiana Purchase Texas Annexation Mexican Cession
Oregon Country Gadsen Purchase Mexican American War Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo
Indian Removal Act of 1831 Trail of Tears Reservation Dawes Act
Homestead Act "Indian Wars" Pioneers


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Part 2: Sectionalism & Secession

1. How/Why had slavery developed in the US?
2. What economic and political differences existed between the North and the South?
3.Why did Southern States Secede from the Union?


Internal Improvements Protective Tariff Tariff of Abominations Nullify/Nullification
Compromise of 1820
(Missouri Compromise) Compromise of 1850
(California Compromise) Fugitive Slave Law Kansas-Nebraska Act
Principle of Popular Sovereignty Underground Railroad Cotton Gin "Cotton Boom"
Abolitionists Uncle Tom's Cabin Personal Liberty Laws Bleeding Kansas
Harper's Ferry, Virginia "Slave Power" Dred Scott V. Sanford Republican Party
"Free Soilers" "A house divided..." Election of 1860 Secession
Confederate States of America Abraham Lincoln Jefferson Davis Harriet Beecher Stowe
William Lloyd Garrison Nat Turner John Brown Harriet Tubman


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Part 3: Civil War and Reconstruction

1. What were the immediate and underlying causes of the Civil War?
2. What was Lincoln's war aim? What steps did he take to accomplish it?
3. Why did the North win?
5. What problems did freed slaves face?
6. How did the President and Congress differ over Reconstruction?
7. When/Why did Reconstruction end?
8. How did segregation develop in the South?


Fort Sumter Gettysburg Gettysburg Address Emancipation Proclamation
Reconstruction 10 Percent Plan Radical Republicans Radical Reconstruction
Impeachment of Johnson Scalawags Carpetbaggers
Freedmen Freedmen's Bureau Black Codes Ex Parte Milligan
13th Amendment 14th Amendment "Equal Protection Clause" 15th Amendment
Ku Klux Klan Poll Tax (Voting) Literacy Test Grandfather Clauses
Jim Crow Laws Segregation Plessy V. Ferguson "Separate but Equal"


Review Three: Industrialization, Immigration, and Reform

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Part 1: Industrialization

1. What are the main charactersitics of industrialization?
2. How did industrialization affect American life?
3. What was the relationship between business and government during the early industrial period?
4. How/why was the US able to become an "industrial giant?"


Industrial Revolution Capital Capitalism Laissez-Faire
Proprietorship Partnership Corporation Monopoly
Pool Trust Vertical integration Horizontal integration
"Robber Baron" "Captain of Industry" Entrepenuer "Gospel of Wealth"
Social Darwinism "Gilded Age" Munn V. Illinois Interstate Commerce Commission
Sherman Antitrust Act Andrew Carnegie John D. Rockefeller Henry Ford
Thomas Edison Mass production Assembly Line Urbanization


Part 2: Unionization

1. What were working conditions like in the early industrial era?
2. What was the relationship between business owners, workers, and the government?
3. How/why did labor unions develop?
4. How did Unions attempt to achieve their goals?
5. How did business owners attempt to thwart unions?


Collective Bargaining Strike Boycott Closed Shop
Open Shop Yellow Dog Contract Injuction lockout
Scab Blacklist Child Labor Sweatshop
Knights of Labor American Federation of Labor International Ladies' Garment Workers International Workers of the World (Wobblies)
Great Railway Strike of 1877 Haymarket Riot Homestead Strike Pullman Strike
Samuel Gompers Terence Powderly



Part 3: Immigration
1. How did immigration patterns change in the late 19th and early 20th centuries?
2. Why did people migrate to the US?
3. Why did "nativism" develop?
4. How did the US limit immigration in the late 19th and early 20th centuries?
5. How does the "melting pot" ideal differ from the "salad bowl" or "cultural mosaic" ideal?


"Old immigrants" "New immigrants" Assimilation "Melting Pot"
"Salad Bowl" Cultural mosaic Cultural Pluralism Americanization
Nativism Know-nothing Party Chinese Exlcusion Act Gentlemen's Agreement with Japan
Literacy Tests Emergency Quota Act of 1921 National Origins Acts of 1924 & 1929



Part 4: Populist Movement
1. What prolems did farmers face at the end of the 19th century?


Grange Populist Movement Gold Standard
"Free Silver" "Cross of Gold" William Jennings Bryan


Part 5: The Progressive Movement
1. What problems had industrialization and urbanization created for people?
2. In what ways had the political system become corrupt?
3. How did progressives hope to reform society?
4. How did Theodore Roosevelt advancethe progressive agenda?
5. How did Woodrow Wilson advance the Progressive Agenda?


Progressive Movement Muckrakers Urbanization Political Boss
Tamany Hall "Machine Politics" Tenements
Initiative Referendum Recall Election Primary Election
The Jungle by Upton Sinclair How the other half lives by Jacob Riis The Shame of the Cities by Lincoln Steffens A History of Standard Oil by Ida Tarbell
Theodore Roosevelt's Square Deal Meat Inspection Act Pure Food and Drug Act "Trust-Busting"
Northern Securities V. US 1902 Coal Strike Conservation Commerce Commision
Woodrow Wilson's The New Freedom Underwood Tariff Graduated (Progressive)Income Tax Clayton Antitrust Act
Federal Reserve System Settlement Houses Jane Adams Hull House
16th Amendment 17th Amendment 18th Amendment 19th Amendment


Part 6: The Temperance (Prohibition) Movement
1. What was prohibition?
2. Why was prohibition repealed?


Temperance Movement Women's Christian Temperance Union (WCTU) Carrie Nation 18th Amendment
Speakeasy Bootlegging Al Capone 21st Amendment



Imperialism, WW I, the Roaring 20's, and the Great Depression

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Part 1: US Expansion
1. How did the US aquire: Alaska, Hawaii, the Philippines, Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Panama Canal Zone?
2. What arguments were made for and against imperialism?
3. What were the causes and results of the Spanish American War?


The Maine Open Door Policy Josiah Strong
De Lome Letter Roosevelt Corollary Alfred T. Mahan
Yellow Journalism Platt Amendment Frederick Jackson Turner
Teller Resolution Commonwealth "Big Stick Policy"
Panama Canal


Part 2: WW I
1. What was US policy at the beginning of WW I?
2. How/Why did the US get drawn into WW I?
3. What was the impact of WW I on : Women? Minorities? Civil Liberties?
4. What was Wilson's plan for Peace?
5. Why did the Senate oppose the Treaty of Versailles?


Neutrality Espionage Act War Labor Board 14 Points
Isolationism Sedition Act War Industries Board Treaty of Versailles
Lusitania Debs Case Food Administration League of Nations
Zimmerman Telegram Schenck V. US Article 10 of League of Nations Covenant
Unrestricted Submarine Warfare "Clear and Present Danger" Senator Henry Cabot Lodge



Part 3: The 1920's:
1. What was prohibition? Was it a success or a failure?
2. What were the main characteristics of "Coolidge Prosperity?"
3. What restrictions were placed on immigration in the '20's? Why?


"Coolidge Prosperity Bootlegging Langston Hughes Scopes Trial
Prohibition Speakeasy Quota Acts (National Origins Acts) Nativism
18th Amendment Flappers Ku Klux Klan Red Scare
21st Amendment Harlem Renaisance Sacco and Vanzetti Palmer Raids


Part 4: The Great Depression and the New Deal:
1. What were the causes of the Great Depression?
2. How did Hoover respond to the Great Depression?
3. How did Roosevelt's response to the depression differ from Hoover's?
4. What were the major components of the New Deal?
5. What criticisms were made of the New Deal?
6. What was the legacy of the New Deal?




Underconsumption Overproduction Buying on Margin Black Thursday & Black Tuesday
Hoovervilles Bonus Army "Trickle Down" Economics Hawley-Smoot Tariff
Reconstruction Finance Corporation New Deal Brains Trust "Pump Priming"
Hundred Days "Relief, Recovery, and Reform" Emergency Banking Relief Act Agricultural Adjustment Act
Federal Dposit Insurance Corporation Civilian Conservation Corps Federal Emergency Relief Act National Industrial Recovery Act
Public Works Administration Tennessee Valley Authority Schecter V. US US V. Butler
Works Progress Administration Federal Theater and Writers' Projects Works Progress Administration National Labor Relations Act (Wagner Act)
Dustbowl Cout Packing Plan




World War II and the Cold War

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Part 1: World War II
1. Describe US foreign policy between WW I and WW II
2. How was the US drawn into WW II?
3. How did WW II affect the US?
4. How did Truman justify the use of the Atomic Bomb??


Isolationism Washington Conference Kellog Briand Pact
Nye Committee Apeasement Munich Conference
Neutrality Acts of 1935, '36, '37, '39 Cash and Carry Lend Lease
Smith Act Atlantic Charter
December 7, 1941 D-Day Island Hopping
Manhattan Project War Production Board National War Labor Board
Rationing Office of Price Administration Rosie the Riveter
V-E Day Internment of Japanese Americans Korematsu V. US
Hiroshima Nagasaki V-J Day


Part 2: Origins of the Cold War
1. Why did the Cold War begin?
2. In what way(s) did Soviet and US perceptions of each other provide a mirror image?


Yalta Potsdam Division of Germany
Comunism Capitalism Totalitarianism
Iron Curtain Truman Doctrine Containment
Marshall Plan Berlin Airlift NATO
Warsaw Pact Satelite Country NSC 68


Part 3: The Cold War at Home
1. How did the Cold War affect US domestic policy?
2. What similarities/differences exist between post-WW I and post WW II America?


Loyalty Review Boards Taft-Hartley Act Smith Act
Dennis V. US Yates V. US Alger Hiss
McCarran Internal Security Act Ethel & Julius Rosenberg HUAC
Senator Joseph McCarthy McCarthyism


Part 4: The Korean War
1. How/Why did the US become involved in the Korean War?
2. Why did Truman fire McCarthur?

38th Parallel UN Security Council "Police Action"
Inchon Armistice


Part 5: The Vietnam War
1. How/Why did the US become involved in Vietnam?
2. Why did opposition to the Vietnam War develop?
3. How did the US finally "get out" of Vietnam?
4. How did the Vietnam War affect US foreign policy?

Ho Chi Minh Dien Bien Phu Geneva Accords
Ngo Dinh Diem Reunification Elections Domino Theory
Tonkin Gulf Resolution Tet Offensive Hawks
Doves Vietnamization Expansion of the War into Cambodia
Paris Peace Talks/Agreement War Powers Act


Review 6: 1955-1973

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Part 1: The Modern Civil Rights Movement:
1. What were the key events in the Modern Civil Rights Movement?
2. What legislation emerged from the Modern Civil Rights Movement?
3. What were the successes and failures of the Modern Civil Rights Movement?


Jim Crow Laws Segregation NAACP
Brown Vs. Board of Education Montgomery Bus Boycott Rosa Parks
Martin Luther King Jr. Integration of Little Rock Arkansas High School Sit-in in Greensboro N.C.
Southern Christian Leadership Conference Sit-Ins Freedom Rides
Congress of Racial Equality Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee March on Washington
"I have a Dream" Civil Rights Act of 1964 Voting Rights Act of 1965
24th Amendment Civil Rights Act of 1968 Voting Rights Act of 1970
Affirmative Action Programs Bakke V. Regents of University of California Black Panthers
Black Muslims Elijah Muhammed Malcom X



Part 2: Other Reform Movements:
1. Describe the modern Women's Movement:
2. Describe the Modern American Indian movement:
3. Describe the attempt to organize migrant workers:
4. Describe the early environmental movement
5. Describe the Anti-Vietnam War movement:


Title VII of the Equal Rights Act of 1964 Higher Education Act (Title IX) NOW
The Feminine Mystique Betty Friedan Gloria Steinham
Equal Pay for Equal Work Feminism Equal Rights Amendment
Roe V. Wade AIM Long March of 1972
Occupation of Wounded Knee Bureau of Indian Affairs Caesar Chavez
United Farm Workers Students for a Democratic Society Hawks
Doves Democratic Convention of 1968 Kent State
Rachel Carson Silent Spring


Part 3: The Kennedy Administration:
1. Describe Kennedy's policies toward Latin America and Cuba:
2. In what ways was Kennedy a "Cold Warrior?"


Bay of Pigs Cuba Missile Crisis Alliance for Progress
Peace Corps Race to the Moon Berlin Wall
Nuclear Arms Race Lee Harvey Oswald Warren Commission


Part 4: The Warren Court
1.What is judicial activism?
2. How did the Warren Court's rulings change America?


Judicial Activism Judicial Restraint Brown V. Board of Education
Baker V Carr Engel V. Vitale Gideon V. Wainwright
Miranda V. Arizona Escobebo V. Illinois Exclusionary Rule


Part 5: The Johnson Administration:
1. Why did Johnson declare a War on Poverty?
2. How did the Great Society change America?
3. How/Why did Johnson expand the War in Vietnam?


War on Poverty Great Society Office of Economic Opportunity
VISTA Jobs Corps Head Start
Medicare Medicaid Elementary and Secondary Education Act
Tonkin Gulf Resolution Tet Offensive


Part 6: The Nixon Administration:
1. What were the key components of Nixon's foreign policy?
2. Why did some argue that the Presidency had become too powerful?
3.Why was Nixon forced to resign the Presidency?


Detente START ABM Treaty Inflation
Opening to China Vietnamization Paris Peace Agreement Pentagon Papers
26th Amendment Watergate Break-in Executive Privilege Impeachment
Saturday Night Massacre US V. Nixon Pardon War Powers Act

1975 - Today

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The Carter Presidency:
1. What were the major domestic and foreign problems during the Carter years?
2. In what ways did Carter attempt to change US foreign policy?

OPEC Oil Crisis Stagflation
EPA "Super fund" Soviet invasion of Afghanistan Panama Canal Treaty
Camp David Accords Iranian Hostage Crisis


The Reagan Presidency
1. What were the basic elements of the Reagan economic policy?
2. What happened to the budget deficit during the Reagan presidency? Why?
3. In what ways was Reagan a "cold warrior?"

New Federalism Supply-side economics Trickle down economics
Budget Deficit National Debt New Right
Sandanistas Contras Iran Contra Scandal
Trade deficit Strategic Defense Initiative (Star Wars) Invasion of Grenada


The Bush Presidency:
1. What were the major problems confronted by the US during the Bush years?
2. What were the successes and failures of the Bush administration?

AIDS crisis Savings and Loan crisis Operation Desert Storm
The Gulf War Saddam Hussein Collapse of the Iron Curtain
Invasion of Panama Manuel Noreiga Somalia



The Clinton Years
1. What happened to the budget deficit during the Clinton years?
2. What happened to the economy during the Clinton years?
3. Why was Clinton impeached?